Notation Guides

How to Show Anything in a Genogram

The notation questions real genogram makers ask — half-siblings, adoption, twins, abuse, divorce, households, triangulation — each answered with the standard notation and how to draw it in seconds.

How to Show Half-Siblings in a Genogram

Half-siblings share exactly one parent. Learn the correct genogram notation — connect the child to the shared parent only — and how to draw it in seconds.

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How to Show Step-Parents and Step-Siblings in a Genogram

A step-parent connects through marriage, not a biological line. Learn blended-family genogram notation — step, remarriage, and step-sibling structure — with examples.

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How to Show Adoption and Foster Care in a Genogram

Adopted children are shown with a dashed or double parent-child line; foster placements with a dashed line. Learn the notation and how to record both birth and adoptive families.

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How to Show a Death by Suicide in a Genogram

Deaths are marked with an X through the person’s symbol; cause of death, including suicide, is written beneath with the year. How to record it accurately and sensitively.

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How to Show Miscarriage, Stillbirth, and Abortion in a Genogram

Miscarriage is a small filled circle; induced abortion a small X; stillbirth a small gendered symbol with an X. Where each attaches and how to date them.

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How to Show an Affair in a Genogram

Affairs are drawn as a dashed or specialized partnership line between the two people involved, alongside any existing marriage lines. How to draw them and date them.

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How to Show Who Lives Together in a Genogram

A line encircling several people means they share a household. How to draw household boundaries, label them, and handle people living alone or in institutions.

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How to Show Triangles (Triangulation) in a Genogram

A triangle is a three-person emotional pattern — two insiders and an outsider, or a child pulled into a couple’s conflict. How to draw triangulation with emotional lines.

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How to Draw Emotional Relationship Lines in a Genogram

Close, fused, conflicted, distant, cutoff, caretaker — emotional lines are the layer that makes a genogram more than a family tree. Every line type and how to draw them.

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How to Mark the Index Person (Identified Patient) in a Genogram

The index person — whose genogram it is — gets a doubled square or circle. How to mark, highlight, and change the identified patient.

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How to Add Pets to a Genogram

Pets are legitimate genogram members — often a family’s emotional glue. How to draw pets, connect them to their people, and include them in households.

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